Astaxanthine

Zalm, forel, garnaal, krab, kreeft, microalg Haematococcus pluvialis (voedingssupplement) 

• remming veroudering, waaronder veroudering van het immuunsysteem (inflammaging) en huidveroudering
• vermoeide en branderige ogen (asthenopie)
• droge ogen, (preventie) degeneratieve oogziekten (zoals glaucoom, cataract, uveitis)
• hersenziekten (ziekte van Alzheimer, vasculaire dementie, ziekte van Parkinson, ischemische beroerte), hersentrauma, ruggenmergletsel
• neuropathische pijn
• hart- en vaatziekten (atherosclerose, hypertensie, hartinfarct, hartfalen)
• astma
• inflammatoire darmziekten
• reumatoïde artritis
• osteoartritis
• osteoporose
• carpaaltunnelsyndroom
• tenniselleboog, tendinitis
• verminderde vruchtbaarheid (mannen)
• diabetes en diabetescomplicaties (nefropathie, retinopathie, neuropathie, hart- en vaatziekten)
• metabool syndroom, obesitas
• atopisch eczeem
• psoriasis
• verbeteren weerstand tegen infectieziekten, waaronder COVID-19
• preventie ischemie-reperfusieschade (in bijvoorbeeld hersenen, lever, nieren, hart)
• goedaardige prostaatvergroting
• sport (uithoudingsvermogen, vetverbranding, sneller herstel)
• functionele dyspepsie
• maagzweer (verschillende oorzaken)
• leverziekten (waaronder alcoholische en niet-alcoholische leververvetting, leverinfarct)
• fibrose (longfibrose, nierfibrose, leverfibrose)
• sarcopenie

Zwangerschap en lactatie (vanwege het ontbreken van veiligheidsgegevens)

• Algemene adviesdosering: 6-8 mg astaxanthine per dag
• Verbetering cognitief functioneren: 12 mg/dag
• Vermoeide ogen (asthenopie): 6 mg/dag
• Verminderde vruchtbaarheid (mannen): 16 mg/dag

• Andere carotenoïden (bètacaroteen, luteïne, lycopeen) kunnen de opname van astaxanthine verlagen.
• Astaxanthine beschermt de nieren tegen beschadiging door contrastvloeistof (dierstudies).
• Astaxanthine beschermt tegen alcoholgeïnduceerde leverschade (dierstudie).
• Astaxanthine vermindert leverschade door doxorubicine (dierstudie).
• Astaxanthine beschermt tegen toxiciteit van methotrexaat (dierstudie).
• De combinatie van astaxanthine (9 mg/dag) en tocotriënolen (50 mg/dag) verbetert het geheugen bij volwassenen met geheugenachteruitgang (humane studie).
• Astaxanthine beschermt tegen ototoxiciteit van cisplatine (dierstudie).
• Astaxanthine remt cardiomyopathie gerelateerd aan alcoholisme (dierstudie).

De eencellige groene microalg Haematococcus pluvialis, die zeer rijk is aan astaxanthine, wordt al meer dan 10 jaar in voedingssupplementen gebruikt en is zeer veilig voor consumptie. In de Verenigde Staten bezit astaxanthine de GRAS-status (Generally Recognized As Safe). Er zijn geen bijwerkingen van astaxanthine bekend. In toxiciteitstudies met proefdieren zijn geen nadelige effecten gezien van astaxanthine in doses variërend van 5 tot 18 g/kg/dag; de LD50 is hoger dan 12 g/kg. In humane studies zijn doses gegeven tot 40 mg/dag (gedurende 3 weken). Er geldt in de EU een wettelijk maximum van 8 mg astaxanthine in voedingssupplementen.

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